Which demographic factor is a risk for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia?

Advanced age is a recognized risk factor for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia, which is a neurological condition characterized by involuntary movements, often affecting the face, tongue, and limbs. The likelihood of developing tardive dyskinesia increases with age due to several factors, including age-related changes in the brain's neurotransmitter systems and a longer duration of exposure to antipsychotic medications, which are often administered for longer periods to older patients.

Additionally, older adults may have increased sensitivity to the side effects of medications, partly due to alterations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics as they grow older. This means that they may experience adverse drug reactions more readily than younger individuals. Therefore, among various demographic factors, advanced age significantly contributes to the risk of developing tardive dyskinesia in patients receiving antipsychotic treatment.