When does the highest rate of synapse formation occur in development?

The highest rate of synapse formation in development occurs during the early years of life, particularly in the toddler phase. During this period, known as the synaptogenic period, there is a dramatic increase in the number of synapses as the brain develops and matures in response to environmental stimuli and experiences. This spike in synaptogenesis allows for rapid learning and cognitive development, as neural connections are formed and refined.

Although significant synapse formation also occurs during gestation, particularly in the late third trimester, and again during adolescence as the brain undergoes maturation and pruning, the peak for synaptic growth is typically observed in toddlers. This is a critical time for language acquisition, social interaction, and motor skills development, which are all supported by the formation of new synaptic connections. Therefore, this developmental phase demonstrates the highest rate of synapse formation, making it the correct choice.