What deficiency can occur in patients receiving isoniazid for tuberculosis treatment?

Isoniazid, a medication commonly used to treat tuberculosis, can lead to a deficiency in vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine. This occurs because isoniazid interferes with the metabolism of vitamin B6 in the body. Vitamin B6 is crucial for numerous metabolic processes, including the conversion of tryptophan to niacin and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. When isoniazid is administered, its action can inhibit the formation of the active pyridoxal phosphate form of vitamin B6.

Patients receiving isoniazid may develop symptoms associated with vitamin B6 deficiency, such as peripheral neuropathy, since vitamin B6 plays a key role in nerve function and the production of the neurotransmitter serotonin. This is particularly important to monitor in patients on long-term isoniazid therapy, as supplementation with pyridoxine is often recommended to prevent these complications and ensure normal metabolism and neurological function.

While other vitamins like B12 and niacin are vital for health, their deficiency is not primarily associated with isoniazid use, thus highlighting why vitamin B6 deficiency is noted specifically in this context.