In Piaget's stages of cognitive development, which concept is included in the concrete operations stage?

The concept of conservation is a key feature of the concrete operations stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11. Conservation refers to the understanding that certain properties of objects, such as volume, mass, and number, remain constant despite changes in their form or arrangement. For instance, a child in this stage recognizes that if you pour water from a short, wide glass into a tall, thin glass, the amount of water remains the same despite its different appearance.

This understanding indicates a significant cognitive advancement in children, moving beyond the limitations of preoperational thought, where appearances can be misleading. Children in the concrete operations stage begin to think logically about concrete events, and they are able to perform operations mentally rather than just physically manipulating objects. The development of conservation is essential for more complex reasoning and forms the foundation for higher-level thinking that arises in the next stage, formal operations.

The other concepts mentioned do not pertain to the concrete operational stage. Identity versus role confusion relates to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, good enough mothering pertains to attachment theory and child development, and inductive reasoning is a cognitive skill that develops later. Thus, conservation stands out as a defining characteristic of the