Damage to which brain area is most likely associated with depression?

Damage to the left prefrontal cortex is most strongly associated with depression, particularly in the context of its role in emotional regulation and mood. The left prefrontal cortex is critical for the approach-related emotions, which are generally positive, including motivation and pleasure. When this area is impaired, individuals may experience difficulties in initiating behaviors, experiencing positive emotions, and regulating mood effectively, all of which are characteristic of depressive disorders.

Research has shown that individuals with depression often exhibit reduced activity in the left prefrontal cortex, which correlates with symptoms such as anhedonia (the inability to feel pleasure) and low energy. In contrast, increased activation of the right prefrontal cortex has been associated with negative emotions and withdrawal behaviors, which can exacerbate depressive symptoms. Therefore, the connection between the left prefrontal cortex and depression highlights its importance in emotional processing and overall mental health.